Refinancing a £3.2M Portfolio Involving a Trust and Layered Company Structure
Even seasoned property investors can find it challenging to refinance a complex portfolio. This case study illustrates how Willow Private Finance helped a long-standing client, a portfolio landlord with a £3.2 million property portfolio, refinance to a more competitive mortgage product. After nine years with the same lender, the client sought a better interest rate and flexibility for future growth. In this article, we outline the client’s objectives, the challenges of refinancing a portfolio held in a layered limited company with a trust as part-owner, the current market environment for large portfolio landlords, and how our team delivered a successful solution.
Client Objective: Better Rate, 65% LTV, and Future Growth Flexibility
Our client is a seasoned portfolio landlord who owned a collection of investment properties valued at £3.2M through a limited company structure. After nearly a decade with one lender, the client’s goal was clear: refinance the portfolio at 65% Loan-to-Value (LTV) onto a more competitive rate, and ensure the new financing allowed flexibility for future expansion of the portfolio. Essentially, the client wanted to lock in a better interest rate and possibly release some equity, all while positioning the business for additional property acquisitions down the line.
Client scenario:
The landlord had originally financed the portfolio with a single lender’s product and stayed on that deal for nine years. Over time, as the market evolved, interest rates and product features changed. The client realised there were now more attractive mortgage options available that could reduce financing costs and offer more lenient terms for things like additional borrowing or adding new properties. By refinancing at 65% LTV, the client aimed to optimise the balance between borrowing and equity, keeping a prudent level of leverage while maximizing capital available for growth. The challenge was finding a new lender and product that could accommodate the complex ownership structure of the portfolio and deliver the desired terms.
Challenges: Trust and Layered Company Structure Complications
Refinancing this portfolio was anything but straightforward. The ownership structure featured multiple layers: a special purpose vehicle (SPV) limited company owned in part by a family trust. This kind of arrangement, sometimes called a “layered” company structure, poses unique challenges in the mortgage market. Below are the key hurdles we faced in arranging new financing for the client:
- Trust Involvement: A trust was a part-owner of the property holding company. Many lenders are cautious about applications involving trusts due to the legal complexity and additional underwriting risk they introduce.From a lender’s perspective, a trust can make it harder to ascertain who the ultimate beneficiary is and how to enforce loan agreements, so the pool of willing lenders shrinks significantly when a trust is in the mix.
- Layered Company Structure: The portfolio was held via a layered company setup, essentially a company-on-top-of-a-company. In this case, an upper-tier company (with trust shareholders) owned the lower-tier SPV that held the properties. Not all buy-to-let lenders are comfortable with such multi-tier ownership structures. In fact, many traditional lenders prefer straightforward company or personal ownership and avoid layered structures altogetherThis added another filter, limiting us to specialist lenders with the appetite and experience to lend to complex corporate arrangements.
- Large Portfolio Value: The total value of £3.2M meant the refinance would involve a significant loan amount (around £2M at 65% LTV). High-value portfolio loans further narrow down the lender options, we needed a lender with the capacity and willingness to take on a large exposure. Such lenders typically have stricter criteria and perform bespoke underwriting for big loans. They would closely scrutinise the portfolio’s rental income, the client’s overall debt profile, and the robustness of the corporate structure before approving the deal. In short, the lender had to be comfortable with both the scale and the structure of this portfolio.
Each of these factors, the trust, the layered companies, and the large loan size, contributed to a more complex case than a typical buy-to-let refinance. The combination required careful navigation of lender criteria and a strong presentation of the case to show that the risk was manageable. This is where our expertise with specialist finance came into play. We knew from the outset that only a handful of lenders in the market would entertain this scenario, and it was our job to identify the best match and secure an approval on favorable terms.
Market Environment for Large Portfolio Landlords in 2025
It’s important to understand the broader market environment in which this refinance took place. Large portfolio landlords in the mid-2020s face a markedly different landscape than a decade ago. A few trends and factors shaped our strategy for this case:
- Rising Interest Rates: Over the past couple of years, interest rates for buy-to-let mortgages climbed considerably. Whereas five years ago a five-year fixed rate could be below 3%, today five-year fixes hover around the 5%+ range for landlords. This means monthly financing costs have increased for many landlords, squeezing rental profit margins. Our client’s existing loan from nine years prior was no longer competitive in this new rate environment. The drive to secure a 5.62% fixed rate on the new deal was part of adapting to these higher market rates while locking in stability against future rate fluctuations.
- Portfolio Landlord Regulations: Since 2017, lenders have been required to apply stricter underwriting standards to “portfolio landlords” (usually defined as those with four or more rental properties). In practice, this means that for cases like our client’s, lenders assess the entire portfolio’s performance, not just the property being refinanced. They will evaluate the landlord’s experience, overall leverage across all properties, rental income cover, and even request a business plan for the portfolio. This regulatory environment ensures prudent lending but adds additional paperwork and scrutiny for the borrower. For our case study client, we needed to prepare a comprehensive overview of the portfolio, detailing every property’s value, rental income, outstanding mortgage, and the corporate structure, to satisfy potential lenders’ due diligence requirements.
- Preference for Limited Companies: In recent years, there’s been a surge in landlords holding properties in limited companies for tax reasons. The number of limited companies set up for buy-to-let has hit record highs (surpassing 400,000 companies in 2025). Lenders have gradually adjusted, and many now cater to limited company borrowers. However, the added twist of a trust or multi-layer company ownership is still far from mainstream. Only a niche set of lenders in the market specialise in these complex ownership structures. The prevalence of simple company structures actually highlights how unique our client’s arrangement was, most landlords don’t involve trusts unless there are specific estate planning or partnership reasons. Therefore, finding a lender for an SPV with a trust shareholder required tapping into the specialist end of the market.
- Investor Sentiment and Strategy: The high interest rate environment and evolving tax landscape (such as reduced mortgage interest relief for individual landlords) have led some portfolio landlords to rethink their strategies. While a portion are considering downsizing or selling less profitable properties, many others are looking to refinance and hold for the long term, waiting for yields to improve or interest rates to stabilise. Our client fell into the latter category, a long-term investor looking to optimise financing costs and continue growing the portfolio. This case exemplifies how, even amid market pressures, smart refinancing can improve cash flow and set the stage for future investments rather than retreating from the market.
In summary, the market context in 2025 for a large portfolio refinance was challenging. Higher rates and strict underwriting meant any proposal had to be solid. But on the flip side, there are specialist lenders actively seeking business from professional landlords who they view as savvy, low-risk borrowers (despite complex profiles) when handled correctly. Our role as the broker was to bridge the gap between our client’s sophisticated needs and the lender’s caution, using our market knowledge to find the ideal fit.
Willow Private Finance’s Solution: A Successful £3.2M Portfolio Refinance
Facing the challenges above, Willow Private Finance crafted a refinancing strategy tailored to the client’s objectives and constraints. We began by leveraging our network of specialist lenders, including those not widely advertised, who we knew had experience with company and trust ownership structures. Close collaboration with the client’s solicitor and accountant was also crucial, to ensure all legal structures (company documents, trust deed, etc.) were transparent and acceptable to the new lender. After careful planning and lender negotiations, we successfully arranged a refinance that achieved all of the client’s goals. Key features of the outcome include:
- Loan-to-Value: 65% LTV – We secured lending against the portfolio at the desired 65% LTV, keeping the client’s equity at 35%. This level was prudent and within the sweet spot for many lenders’ risk appetite on portfolios, yet it also unlocked a substantial amount of capital for the client’s future use (either as retained cash flow or to reinvest in new properties).
- Interest Rate: 5.62% fixed for 5 years – The new mortgage is a five-year fixed-rate loan at 5.62%. This provides the client with long-term interest rate stability and predictability in their payments. Given the interest rate volatility in recent times, locking in now shields the client in case of further rate increases, while still being a very competitive rate for a complex portfolio refinance in 2025.
- Lender Fee: 1.49% arrangement fee – The lender’s arrangement fee for this deal was 1.49% of the loan amount. We negotiated this in line with market conditions, ensuring it was competitive for a loan of this size and complexity. Many specialist lenders charge higher fees (sometimes 2% or more) on complex cases, so achieving 1.49% helped save on upfront costs. This fee was factored into the overall cost of borrowing, and the attractive interest rate made the total package very cost-effective for the client.
- Seamless Transition: No disruption to the portfolio – We coordinated the timing of the refinance to ensure a smooth transition from the old lender to the new lender. Despite the legal complexity (new loan agreements had to accommodate the trust and layered company structure), the switch was executed without any hiccups. The client’s tenants and property management continued as normal, with no disruption to rental income or operations.
- Willow Private Finance managed the process end-to-end: from securing the agreement in principle, through valuation of all properties, to liaising with solicitors on both sides for a synchronised completion and redemption of the previous loan. The client went from an outdated deal to a market-leading one overnight, with zero downtime.
Throughout this process, our team’s expertise in structured finance was essential. We pre-empted the questions and documentation the lender would require, preparing a thorough case file. This included detailed property schedules, trust documentation, corporate org charts, and financial forecasts to demonstrate the portfolio’s robustness. By presenting a well-organised and compelling case, we gave the chosen lender confidence in the deal, leading to a swift and positive credit approval.
Why Working with a Specialist Broker Matters for Complex Cases
This case highlights the importance of partnering with a mortgage broker who truly understands complex ownership structures and niche lender criteria. Many brokers in the market focus on vanilla buy-to-let cases or standard residential mortgages. In contrast, Willow Private Finance thrives on complexity, it’s a core part of our expertise. Here’s why working with a specialist broker made all the difference in this scenario (and can in yours too):
- Knowledge of Lender Appetite: Because we stay up-to-date with lenders’ ever-changing policies, we knew immediately which lenders might entertain a limited company with a trust shareholder, and which to rule out. This saved the client from wasting time on applications that would likely hit a dead end. Our deep relationships with specialist lenders meant we could quickly engage decision-makers in discussion rather than just submitting paperwork into a void. In a niche scenario, knowing where to look is half the battle.
- Expert Navigation of Legal Complexity: Mortgage applications involving trusts, layered companies, or other unusual structures require extra care in documentation. We have experience packaging these cases, from ensuring the trust deed and company articles meet lender requirements, to coordinating personal guarantees from company directors/trustees as needed. In this case, we guided the client through preparing the trust’s financial information and getting all stakeholders on board for the new loan terms. By speaking the lender’s language on these complexities, we smoothed out potential hurdles before they became issues.
- Higher Underwriting Standards: As discussed, lenders will scrutinise everything in a portfolio landlord’s application. A specialist broker adds value by doing a pre-underwrite of your case. We analysed our client’s portfolio metrics (e.g. overall portfolio LTV, rental coverage ratios, asset & liability profile) in advance. If something didn’t add up, we addressed it proactively. This meant when the lender did their analysis, there were no unpleasant surprises. We effectively presented the story of the portfolio in the best possible light, highlighting the client’s strong track record as a landlord and the sound performance of the properties. Generalist brokers might not delve into this level of detail, but we know it’s crucial for winning approval on complex cases.
- Negotiating Power: Specialist brokers like us often have negotiation leverage with lenders due to the volume and quality of business we bring. In this refinance, our understanding of market rates and fees for similar cases enabled us to negotiate the 5.62% rate and 1.49% fee combination confidently. We could articulate why the client deserved these terms. The result was a bespoke deal that might not have been obtainable by going direct or through an inexperienced intermediary. Lenders trust our preparation and our clients benefit from that trust.
Above all, working with Willow Private Finance gave this client peace of mind. We managed the heavy lifting, kept the client informed at every step, and provided reassurance when navigating what could have been a very stressful process alone. The client could continue focusing on managing the properties and planning new investments, while we handled the refinancing logistics.
Unlock Your Portfolio’s Potential with Willow Private Finance
This successful refinance allowed our client to unlock a better rate and more capital, setting the stage for future portfolio growth. Despite a challenging starting point, a complex trust-company structure and a limited choice of lenders, the outcome was a testament to strategic planning and specialist market knowledge. The client is now confidently moving forward with a lower interest burden and a financing structure aligned with long-term goals.
Is your property portfolio held in a complex structure or in need of a fresh look?
Whether you’re a portfolio landlord, an accountant with clients owning properties via companies/trusts, or an introducer encountering out-of-the-ordinary cases, Willow Private Finance is here to help. We have the expertise to navigate intricate scenarios and access lenders who see the value in sophisticated investors like you. Don’t let a complex setup or long-time lender relationship hold you back from better rates and terms. Contact our team today to discuss your situation. We’ll provide a confidential, no-obligation review of your portfolio finance and outline the options available. Just as we achieved a seamless £3.2M refinance for this client, we can craft a solution tailored to your needs, turning complexity into opportunity.
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